Priority areas and challendges in Digital Transformation (DT) of libraries are formulated. It briefly discusses the coordination of DT of libraries on an interagency basis and the development of quality standards for library services, ensuring constitutional guarantees and equal opportunities for citizens’ participation in cultural life, accessibility of cultural goods and services regardless of income level, social status and place of residence. The creation of a system of information and library services not limited by physical barriers, the transformation of municipal libraries into multifunctional intellectual cultural and leisure centres “within walking distance”, and into points of free access to network information resources has been analysed. It is necessary to eliminate the uneven development of libraries in different regions, to develop the professional and intellectual potential of Russian libraries. Modernisation of the approach to the acquisition of library collections, active replication of best practices in the digitalisation of individual library services and the introduction of methods of data mining are also a priority. The system of scientific support for DT processes in libraries should be developed. If the DT of libraries is consistent and effective, a new model of library organization will emerge in the country, involving the DT of this sector as a strategic resource for the new economy and for ensuring the innovative development of Russia. The process of implementing the DT programme for libraries will require the mobilization of all participants in library activities and the growth of social and economic efficiency of librarianship, as envisaged in the currently existing forecast documents.