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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bibliotekovedenie</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Библиотековедение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science]</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-608X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-7372</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian State Library</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25281/0869-608X-2018-67-1-75-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bibliotekovedenie-519</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ КОНТЕНТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL CONTENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Публичная библиотека США: храм науки или социальный приют?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Library in the United States: Sanctuary of Sciences or Social Shelter?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нещерет</surname><given-names>Марина Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neshcheret</surname><given-names>Marina Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Центр по исследованию проблем развития библиотек в информационном обществе, ведущий научный сотрудник, кандидат педагогических наук.</p><p>Воздвиженка ул., д. 3/5, Москва, 119019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3/5 Vozdvizhenka Str., Moscow, 119019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">NeshcheretMY@rsl.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская государственная библиотека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Library</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нещерет М.Ю., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нещерет М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Neshcheret M.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru"><license-p>© 2026 ФГБУ "Российская государственная библиотека". Все права защищены. Воспроизведение без письменного разрешения запрещено.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en"><license-p>© 2026 Russian State Library. All rights reserved. Reproduction without written permission is prohibited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://bibliotekovedenie.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/519">https://bibliotekovedenie.rsl.ru/jour/article/view/519</self-uri><abstract><p>На основе локальных нормативных актов, регламентирующих правила поведения в публичных библиотеках США, анализируются наиболее острые проблемы, связанные с несоблюдением общественного порядка в библиотеках и нарушением правовых норм лицами без определенных занятий и места жительства. Сотрудники американских библиотек озабочены проблемой взаимоотношений с указанной категорией пользователей, составляющей значительную часть от общего числа посетителей. Особое опасение вызывают инциденты, связанные с употреблением наркотиков. Библиотеки весьма уязвимы в этом отношении, поскольку открыты для всех, и пользователи могут проводить в них столько времени, сколько пожелают. С целью решения проблем, связанных с пребыванием в библиотеке безработных и бездомных посетителей, библиотеки активно сотрудничают с социальными учреждениями города и местными отделениями полиции. В силу того, что библиотеки всегда являлись сосредоточием гуманистических ценностей, они оказались уязвимыми перед вызовами времени и пытаются найти компромисс между стремлением служить всем пользователям независимо от их социального статуса и поддержанием общественного порядка. Для решения этой непростой задачи необходима серьезная и ответственная работа над правилами, регламентирующими поведение пользователей. Введение правил для читателей продиктовано, прежде всего, стремлением обеспечить библиотекам возможность в полной мере выполнять свою миссию. Создаваемые для защиты прав, интересов и безопасности пользователей и сотрудников библиотек, правила должны опираться на действующее законодательство, не допускать двоякого толкования и, одновременно, быть гуманными, «гибкими», ориентированными на современные реалии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Based on local normative acts regulating the rules of conduct in public libraries in the United States, the author analyses the most acute problems associated with non-observance of public order and violation of legal norms by people without definite occupation and permanent home visiting reading rooms. Personnel of the American libraries is concerned with the problem of relationship with the specified category of users representing a quite significant part of the total number of visitors. Of particular concern are the incidents of drug use. Libraries are very vulnerable, as open to everyone, and users can spend there as much time as they would wish. In order to solve the problems associated with stay in library of the unemployed and homeless visitors, libraries actively cooperate with the city’s social institutions and with local police departments. Libraries have always been the guardians of humanistic values; however, today they are vulnerable to the challenges of time; they are trying to find a compromise between their duty to serve all users (regardless of their social status) and the need to maintain public order. There is required serious and responsible work on the rules governing user behaviour for solving this challenging problem. Introduction of rules for readers is dictated primarily by the objective to provide the ability for libraries to fully fulfil their mission. Created to ensure the protection of rights, interests and safety of users and library staff, the rules should be based on the current legislation to avoid ambiguity and, at the same time, to be humane, “flexible” and focused on contemporary realities.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лица без определенных занятий и места жительства</kwd><kwd>правила пользования библиотекой</kwd><kwd>правила поведения в библиотеке</kwd><kwd>общественный порядок в библиотеке</kwd><kwd>социальная помощь</kwd><kwd>бездомные и безработные пользователи библиотеки</kwd><kwd>сотрудничество библиотек с социальными службами</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>people without Definite Occupation and Permanent Home</kwd><kwd>Rules for the Use of Library</kwd><kwd>Rules of Conduct in the Library</kwd><kwd>Public Order in the Library</kwd><kwd>Social Assistance</kwd><kwd>Homeless and Unemployed Users of Library</kwd><kwd>Cooperation of Libraries with Social Services</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holliday L. 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