Methodical Manuals in the System of the Tatar Educational Book of the Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries

The article deals with one of the aspects of development of the Tatar book of the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries, associated with the reform of the national school. The relevance of the topic is driven by the increased interest in recent years to the creation of educational literature and formation of new educational methods. The use of methodical and educational publications as an object of research is one of the directions in the national historical science.

In the education system of the Tatars in the second half of the 19th century in the process of transition from the classical, purely religious approach in education to the new method, which included teaching the basics of the secular sciences, there were developed new programs and teaching aids, which were composed by teachers — practical trainers. Educators and experts actively discussed that literature at the meetings of pedagogical congresses and in the Tatar periodicals. Special commissions responsible for the preparation of such educational books were organized in Kazan, Omsk, Ufa and Buguruslan. The purpose of the present study is to identify and analyse such manuals. There were analysed the manuals compiled by the leading educators I. Gasprinsky, F. Karimi, M. Kurbangaliyev, F. Saifi, G. Yausheva, etc. The article considers the materials on the organization of new-method school, presents the programs for elementary school with the list of the subjects studied there and gives comparison of educational programs of the new-method school with the old-method one. The author uses historical-bibliological, functional and analytical-thematic methods of book analysis. The article presents the collected data from the documents of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, early printed books from the holdings of the Scientific Library of the Kazan Federal University, the National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as the modern research works on this topic. Basing on the analysis, the author determines the role of educational literature and curricula in the development of national education of the Tatars. The presented material allows to supplement the repertoire of the Tatar pre-revolutionary book, what is the practical significance of the article.

1. Ibrahimov F. Belem alifbadan bashlana: tatarcha gramotaga eiratu metodikasy tarikhy ham alifbalar [Knowledge Begins with a Primer: History of the Method of Learning the Tatar Language and Primers]. Kazan, Tat.kit.nashr. Publ., 1973, 335 p. (in Tatar).

2. Rakhimkulova M. Prepodavanie estestvennykh nauk v tatarskikh shkolakh dorevolyutsionnoi Rossii: stranitsy istorii tatarskikh shkol v Rossii [Teaching Natural Sciences in Tatar Schools of Pre-Revolutionary Russia: Pages of the History of Tatar Schools in Russia]. Orenburg, Pressa Publ., 1998, 217 p.

3. Valiullin R. Tatar maktap-madrasalare echen gumanitar fannar buencha daresleklar (XIX iez azagy — XX iez bashy) [Tatar Study Books on the Humanities (Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries)]. Kazan, The Science Publ., 2004, 220 p. (in Tatar).

4. Gasprinskiy I. Rachbare mogallimin yaki mogallimlarge yoldash [Guide for Teachers]. Bakhchisaray, “Tardzheman” gazetasy tashbasmakhanese Publ., 1898, 32 p. (in Tatar).

5. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Respubliki Tatarstan [State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan], coll. 1, aids 3, fol. 3538, p. 1—3; coll. 160, aids 1, fol. 847, p. 166.

6. Gorokhova L.V., Gimazova R., Goritskaya N.S., Sharangina N.A. (eds). Medrese g. Kazani XIX — nach. XX vv.: sbornik dokumentov i materialov [Madrasah of Kazan of the 19th — Beginning of the 20th Centuries: collected documents and materials]. Kazan, Gasyr Publ., 2007, 319 p.

7. Ysuly tadris [Basis of Training]. Kazan, B.L. Dombrowski Publ., 1899, 13 p. (in Tatar).

8. Karimi F. Mogallim ve morabbilere rehneme [Guide for Teachers and Educators], in 2 books, book 1. Orenburg, G.I. Karimov Publ., 1902, 41 p. (in Tatar).

9. Kurbanov T.Ya. Tatar Teachers and Students of the Volga Region and the Urals in the Period of the Bourgeois-Democratic Revolution of 1905—1907, Iz istorii pedagogiki v Tatarii [From the History of Pedagogy in Tatarstan], book 1. Kazan, KSPU Publ., 1967, pp. 10—75 (in Russ.).

10. Megallimlara namuna [Sample for Teachers]. Kazan, Imperatorskogo Universiteta Publ., 1906, 20 p. (in Tatar).

11. Nizhnii Novgorodda vakyi ulan Rusiya meselmanlary echenche nadvaseneng mekarrarate: 16—21 avgust, 1906 [Decision of the 3rd Congress of Russian Muslims Held in Nizhny Novgorod: August 16—21, 1906. Kazan, Torgovogo Doma “Brat’ya Karimovy” Publ., 1906, 27 p. (in Tatar).

12. Megallimlara namuna [Sample for Teachers]. Kazan, Ermolaeva Publ., 1907, 32 p. (in Tatar).

13. Madrasah of Husainia, Shura [Counsel], 1908, no. 5, p. 158 (in Tatar).

14. Madrasah Husainia in Orenburg, al-gasrel jadid [New Age], 1906, no. 10, pp. 534—535 (in Tatar).

15. Madrasah of Muhammadiyah, Kazan mokhbire [Messenger of Kazan, 1906, no. 152, pp. 5—6 (in Tatar).

16. Program of the Bubi Madrasah: 8-Class without an Initial Department, Idel, 1908, no. 102 (November 7), p. 4 (in Tatar).

17. Education Commission, Ioldyz [The Star], 1907, no. 168, p. 1 (in Tatar).

18. Megallimnara namuna: ibtidai va reshdi maktaplare echen dares programmasy [A Sample for Teachers: A Curriculum for Primary and Secondary Schools]. Ufa, Tovarishchestva “Karimov, Khusainov i Ko” Publ., 1912, 9 p. (in Tatar).

19. Korbangaliev M. Gavam maktabe tatar alifbasyna tag’’lim echen bagze tanbihat va dares biru namunalare [Some Recommendations and Examples of the Lesson “Tatar Alphabet for Schools”]. Kazan, L.P. Antonova Publ., 1912, 16 p. (in Tatar).

20. Rusiyadage meselman terek-tatar khalky echen alty ellyk ibtidai maktap programmy laikhase: beten Rusiya meselman ukytuchylary berlegeneng Markaz byurosy nashere [6-Year Primary School Program for the Turkic-Tatar Muslim People of Russia]. Kazan, Magarif Publ., 1917, 55 p. (in Tatar).

21. Davis I. Rukovodstvo k prepodavaniyu russkogo yazyka v inorodcheskikh uchilishchakh [A Manual for the Teaching of the Russian Language in Non-Russian Schools]. Riga, K.G. Zikhmana Publ., 1904, 200 p.

22. Sheltsel K. Metodicheskoe rukovodstvo dlya pervonachal’nogo obucheniya russkomu yazyku v inorodcheskikh shkolakh [A Methodological Guide for the Initial Teaching of the Russian Language in Non-Russian Schools]. Odessa, Emilya Berndta Publ., 1905, 151 p.

23. Petyaev I. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po prepodavaniyu russkogo yazyka v russkikh i inorodcheskikh nachal’nykh uchilishchakh: posobie dlya uchitelei [Methodical Instructions for the Teaching of the Russian Language in Russian and Non-Russian Primary Schools: handbook for teachers]. Kazan, Tsentral’naya Publ., 1913, 184 p.

24. Korbangaliev M. The Sciences Studied in the Primary School and their Program, Maktap [The School], 1913, no. 1, pp. 24—25, no. 3, pp. 74—77, no. 6, pp. 160—163, no. 10, pp. 250—252, no. 11, pp. 276—279, no. 12, pp. 302—304, no. 13, pp. 321—324, no. 14, pp. 346—349, no. 15, pp. 367—369 (in Tatar).

25. School Program for a 4-Year Primary School, Maktap [The School], 1913, no. 12, pp. 287—289, no. 13, pp. 310—315, no. 14, pp. 342—346, no. 15, pp. 363—367 (in Tatar).

26. Madrasai Mekhammadiya programmasy: 1913nche uku ely [The Madrasah Program “Muhammadiya”: for 1913]. Kazan, “Millat” Publ., 1913, 79 p. (in Tatar).

27. Saifi F. Megallimlarga urnak, yaki gomumi programm [A Sample for Teachers or a Curriculum]. Kazan, “Umid” Publ., 1914, 24 p. (in Tatar).

28. Yaushev G. (ed.) Alty ellyk ibtidai maktap programmasy [Curriculum for a 6-Year Primary School]. Orenburg, Torgovogo Doma “A.A. Khusainov i Ko” Publ., 1916, 60 p. (in Tatar).

29. Yausheva G. Alty ellyk darelmegallimatnyng programma lyaikhasy [6-Year Program of the Muslim Women’s School]. Troitsk, Energiya Publ., 1916, 40 p. (in Tatar).

30. Ufadagy berenche masjid jamig” khozuryndagy madrasai Gosmaniyaneng mefassal programmy [The Madrasah Program “Usmania” at the First Central Mosque of Ufa]. Ufa, “Tormysh” Publ., 1917, 96 p. (in Tatar).

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