The professional standard “Specialist in Library and Information Activities” came into effect on 1 March 2023. The state regulatory document consolidates the status of the industry and the library and information profession in the system of social production. The article highlights the regulatory legal framework and a brief history of professional standardization of librarianship, which began in 2013. The adoption of the “Strategy for the Development of Librarianship in the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030” opened a new stage in the organization of work on professional standardization of the industry. The conceptual approaches to the development of the document are analyzed: differentiated and integrated. The expediency of the integrated approach as more rational taking into account the current tasks of the industry development is substantiated. Library and information activity is presented in the document as an integral branch type of professional activity, and its functional areas — as generalized labor functions, including all production and technological processes of library work. The functional and logical structure of the professional standard and the semantic series of concepts underlying its decomposition are considered. The new nomenclature of positions of library and information specialists recommended by the professional standard is given, their qualification range is characterized, requirements to education, regular training and practical work experience are noted. It is concluded that the professional standard is a model of competences of a library and information specialist, aimed at fulfillment of the whole complex of functional tasks of a modern library. The introduction of the professional standard creates a normative basis for the formation of the qualification range of library specialists taking into account the requirements to the profession of a librarian of the digital era, the implementation of personnel strategies of libraries of different systems and departments, determines the vectors of improvement of all parts of the system of library and information education. It is a tool for managing the development and use of human resources potential of the industry. The document plays an important role as a basis for the inclusion of library and information activities in the National Qualifications System, which will significantly increase the prestige of the library profession and the industry as a whole, as well as ensure the implementation of the state library personnel policy.

The training of scientific and professional staff in library science began in the 1930s in the structure of pedagogical science. The peculiarity of this process was the comprehensive coverage of library science and the inclusion in the composition of librarianship of a number of topics that were not pedagogical in their orientation. At the initial stage, comprehensiveness contributed to the formation and development of library science due to the organizational and methodological support of pedagogical science, but later it came into conflict with its subject field. In the 1950s, it was allowed to prepare library science dissertations in historical science, but in practice, librarians were unprepared for this expansion. In the 1970s, the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in library science “moved” to the structure of technical sciences, to the group of specialities “Documentary Information” with permission to defend themselves in technical sciences. But in practice, the academic community in the field of technical sciences was not ready to accept library science, and the defense of this specialty continued in the pedagogical sciences.

With the adoption of a new Nomenclature of Scientific Specialties, which are awarded academic degrees, the situation has changed. Library science was referred to the social sciences and humanities, to the group of scientific specialties “Art History and Cultural Studies”. A new edition of the passport for the scientific specialty “5.10.4 Library Science, Bibliography, Book Science” was adopted, in which 24 out of 40 research areas of library science are concerned, and only four of them can be directly attributed to pedagogical sciences. On the example of specific dissertations their pedagogical potential is revealed. As for the remaining 20 areas, with the exception of dissertations on the history of librarianship, organically included in the subject field of historical science, the question of their scientific and branch affiliation remains open. It is suggested that the practice of defending library science dissertations, not related to the subject field of pedagogy, in pedagogical sciences will be discontinued.

It is stated that there are still contradictions in the passport for the scientific specialty 5.10.4 between the scientific directions of library science and the subject fields of the disciplines for which the preparation and defense of dissertations is established. The possibility of recognition by the expert community of the Higher Attestation Commission for Cultural Studies of the conformity of dissertation research on management and marketing of library and bibliographic activity and similar to them to the subject space of cultural studies is questioned. Attention is drawn to the actualization of the pedagogical content of library science through the inclusion of relevant topics in the list of relevant topics of dissertation research in the field of educational sciences.

It is proposed, firstly, to develop research on library science, which is not included in the subject field of the disciplines specified in the passport, in other scientific disciplines. Secondly, the training of scientific personnel in library science should be conducted within the subject field of pedagogical science, focusing, if possible, on the directions we have identified. Thirdly, to intensify the development of the modern educational concept of librarianship, strengthening and strengthening the interaction between library science and pedagogical science by organizing joint scientific events, as well as the involvement of library scientists in the work to improve the Nomenclature of Scientific Specialties. Fourthly, it is necessary to improve the passport of scientific specialty 5.10.4 with regard to library science, taking into account the content of the subject fields of scientific branches, in which the preparation and defense of dissertations is established; with regard to pedagogical science — to expand the number of areas by including educational activities of libraries.

The aim of the article is to analyze the theoretical foundations and experience of foreign library institutions in the direction of “digital collections as data”. Digital collections are considered not only as new forms of knowledge organization, but also as a tool for conducting scientific research in the field of humanities disciplines. Practice has shown that huge arrays of digitized texts and images can be used more successfully if modern information technologies are applied. Combining research methodology in the humanities and social sciences and computer tools makes it possible to extract quantitative and geographical data, facts, images on the basis of automatic analysis of recognized texts, visualize and display data in various formats, provide detailed metadata, model historical processes and much more. The most illustrative examples of innovative projects in a number of European libraries are given. The current state of transformation of digital collections as data in the United States is briefly characterized. It is determined that in recent decades in Russia a scientific, educational and technological environment for research based on library resources has been formed. Libraries should overcome their detachment from scientific research in the field of digital humanities and enter it as an equal partner. The tasks of domestic libraries for further development of digital content are defined, taking into account the achievements in the field of information technologies and the current level of technical knowledge.

The paper characterizes the development of the book festival movement in recent decades in the eastern regions of Russia. The application of formal-logical and comparative-historical methods allowed us to expand the previously studied aspects of the functioning of book fairs. The main directions of the modern regional book festival movement were revealed: library book festivals; projects organized on private and public initiative in collaboration with governmental authorities; federal book festival projects. Long-term (“Book Salon” — Ulan-Ude, since 1996; “Pechatny Dvor” — Vladivostok, since 1997; “Published in Altai” — Barnaul, since 2006; Krasnoyarsk Book Culture Fair (2007—2021), etc.) and recently appeared (“BookMart” — Irkutsk, since 2019; “Book Square” — Kemerovo, since 2021, etc.) regional projects are analyzed. The federal initiatives of 2023 are characterized: “Red Square. Far East” (Vladivostok), “Reading August” of the All-Russian interregional network library-publishing festival movement “Book Beacons of Russia”. The increasing sustainability of the projects due to co-financing by federal and regional authorities, public organizations, sponsors, grant and subsidy support was established. The main trends of the regional book and festival movement were identified. Unresolved problems that can become points of growth are revealed. The relevance and significance of the study of the conditions of development and the current state of the book festival movement in the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District are determined by their growing communicative potential and its influence on the formation of the regional cultural field.

The article reveals the main principles of formation of the alphabetical subject index (ASI) to the tables of the Library and Bibliographic Classification (LBC). The main functions of the ASI are considered. The significance of the personality of one of the developers of the LBC of Cecilia Moiseevna Berdichevskaya in forming the potential for further development of the national classification system, ensuring its fundamentality, comprehensiveness and integrity at all stages of development is revealed. Directly C.M. Berdichevskaya prepared the original methodology of compiling subject indexes to systematic catalogues of libraries, which was later used in the creation of the ASI to the tables of the LBC. The completion of the publication of the LBC tables for scientific libraries (1960—1968) was an outstanding event in Russian librarianship. The theoretical development of the ASI to the LBC tables was most fully reflected in the “Introduction” to the classification and in articles published in special periodicals.

The “peripheral” status of the Russian emigration community in Sweden is due to the geographical location of the country and the absence of major publishing centers. The most fruitful period for the Russian Abroad in Sweden was the first half of the 1920s. At that time, the publishing enterprise “Northern Lights”, founded by I.A. Lundel and E.A. Lyatsky, was operating in Stockholm. During 1920—1923 the organization published about two dozen editions. These were mainly fiction, entertainment, popular science and practical books. A study of the external and internal conditions of the book market showed that it was E.A. Lyatsky who predetermined the short-term success of the organization and its further fate. The publishing house was closed down as unprofitable due to its reliance on expensive quality editions, unprofitable sales logistics and unfulfilled co-operation with Soviet Russia. Professor E.A. Lyatsky repeatedly tried to save “Northern Lights”, even to the point of moving the organization to Czechoslovakia. Nevertheless, having given his enterprise a name and built up a reputation, he did not preserve the repertoire, staff and internal culture. This project was important for E.A. Lyatsky, but only a stage in his humanitarian and informational struggle against Bolshevism. It is on the example of “Northern Lights” and especially the personality of its founder that the mission, values and political orientation of the Russian emigration as a whole can be clearly traced. It is important to comprehensively evaluate this historical experience in the context of the development of modern Russia.

In connection with the global digital transformation of social institutions, radical changes are taking place in socio-humanitarian knowledge, theory and practice of library work. A qualitatively different socio-cultural and information environment is being created. This transformation causes the development of interdisciplinary processes, the emergence of new approaches to user services, the borrowing of terminology from different scientific spheres, and the development of digital technologies.

In this article, library proactivity is considered as a process of interaction with users, in which the library as a system is the initiator of this interaction, anticipates their requests and needs with its actions, and in its highest form does not require the participation of users, but is realized by default, in the background. The formation of a proactive approach to serving library users as one of the fundamental principles of digital transformation of library activities is reflected in the “Strategy for the Development of Librarianship in the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030”. Reactivity of a library consists in the fact that its actions are a reaction directly to user requests. Proactivity is aimed at improving the efficiency of the library’s activities in the long term. Reactivity is aimed at solving current short-term tasks. Interactivity of the library implies active interaction with users in all formats and types of information services, creating favorable conditions for users to interact with each other and with books.

A response to R.A. Baryshev’s article “Proactivity, Reactivity and Interactivity in Library Activity” (pp. 173—183) is presented, in which the author continues to defend the terms proposed by him in his previous works. Neologisms in science in general and in library science in particular are necessary, they contribute to the development of the conceptual apparatus and scientific discipline as a whole. The objective need for neologisms arises when a new phenomenon is discovered, which has no name yet, and the existing terms for some reason characterize it either partially or distorted. To get out of the situation, usually use two ways: either according to the rules of terminology invent a new word, or borrow the most appropriate from related and neighboring sciences, expanding its meaning. Here are examples of neologisms “fondist”, “document”, “information resource”, “medialogy” that illustrate this provision. But there is no need to introduce the terms proposed by R.A. Baryshev, library science and library practice do without the terms artificially borrowed by him from other fields. The necessity of their introduction is not justified by the author, and their introduction is useless both theoretically and practically. The article by R.A. Baryshev does not reveal the methodology of how to anticipate the information needs of readers and there are no examples illustrating the effectiveness of the so-called proactive libraries.

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